CLOTHES DESIGNERS
See Also: AND PERCY; ART COLLEGES; CLOTHES DESIGN
ASSOCIATED; CLOTHES SHOPS; CLOTHES SHOPS, DISAPPEARED; TAILORS
In the
1960s the London had the nimbleness to be able to embrace the emergence of
youth culture. Its Parisian counterpart
did not have the same flexibility.
John Galliano
John
Galliano was born in Gibraltar to a Gibraltarian father and a Spanish
mother. The family moved to London when
he was aged six. He studied at Central
St Martins. His graduation show, Les
Incroyables, was inspired by Abel Gance's silent movie Napoleon
(1927). It was a great success.
Like
Alexander McQueen, Galliano was able to do was to generate publicity through
the brilliance and the outr ness of his designs. He had a talent for injecting a large element
of drama into his runway shows. This
made him popular with models. In the
mid-1980s John Galliano was producing two collections a year.
The
advent of globalisation and the Internet meant that he became an object of
attention in a way that previous designers had not been. It was not something that he could have
prepared himself for. In 2011 he severely
damaged his career by making anti-Semitic remarks in La Perle, his local bar in Paris. At the time, he was overseeing 32 collections
a year. Dior sacked him as its creative
director.
The
industry proved to have a short memory.
After a break, the magazine editor Anna Wintour secured him a temporary
post at Oscar De La Renta. He kept a low
public profile for several years. In
2023 the documentary High & Low: John Galliano was released.
Katharine Hamnett
In 1984
Katharine Hamnett comprehensively upstaged Margaret Thatcher by attending a
Downing Street reception, to which she had been invited, by wearing a T-shirt
that was bore the slogan 58% Don t Want Pershing in large letters.
Location:
10 Downing Street, SW1A 2AA (orange, red)
See
Also: NUCLEAR WEAPONS
Website:
https://katharinehamnett.com
Alexander McQueen
Lee
McQueen was raised in Stratford the pink sheep of his family. He was an apprentice in Savile Row, where he
worked initially for Anderson & Sheppard.
During his time there he took pleasure in incorporating an obscene
graffito in the lining of a jacket that was being made for the Princes of
Wales. Subsequently, he was employed by
Gieves & Hawkes and then the theatrical costumiers Angels &
Berman. This training left with a deep
technical knowledge of tailoring. He
worked overseas. In 1992 he returned to
London and applied for a job as a cutting technician at Central St
Martins. His portfolio so impressed the
teaching staff that they persuaded him to enrol on the college's M.A. in
fashion course. His 1994 graduation show
caught the attention of Isabella Blow, who was a consulting stylist at British Vogue. He offered to sell her a coat for 350. She bought his entire graduation collection
for 5000. The pair shared an
irreverence for the hierarchy of the fashion industry. She paid for it in instalments of 100 a
week. The clothes were delivered in bin
bags. At her instigation, he took to
using his middle name Alexander professionally.
During
the 1995 London Fashion Week, McQueen showed his Highland Rape collection. This was intended as an antidote to the use
of tartan by the likes of Vivienne Westwood.
The ripped clothing and restraining accessories was misinterpreted by
many of the attendees. As a result, some
people chose to regard him as being a misogynist. McQueen's work contained a feminine survivor
archetype that was both vulnerable and strong.
It was based upon his eldest sister.
Her first husband, Terence Hulyer, was violent towards. He also raped McQueen a number of times while
the latter was still a child. As an
adult was to find it had to maintain partner relationships. His own sexual tastes possessed an element of
violence. McQueen created the bumster
jeans, which left the upper buttock exposed.
In 1996
McQueen was named as the British designer of the year. The honour was also conferred upon him in
1997, 2001, and 2003.
In 1996
L.V.M.H. appointed McQueen to be Givenchy's head designer in succession to John
Galliano. He took pleasure in
incorporating technology into his catwalk shows. The Icelandic musician and singer Bj rk wore
a McQueen garment for the cover of her album Homogenic (1997).
Blow
introduced him to Tom Ford, who was revitalising Gucci as a fashion
business. In 2000 Gucci Group acquired a
51% holing the Alexander McQueen label.
The following year McQueen left Givenchy. He claimed that his contract
was constraining his creativity.
Like
John Galliano, Alexander McQueen was able to generate publicity through the
brilliance and the outr ness of his designs. The advent of globalisation and the Internet
meant that they became objects of attention in a way that previous designers
had not been. It was not something that
either man could have prepared himself for.
Neither of them proved able to handle the situation in which they found
themselves to be in.
Blow
committed suicide in 2007. Three years
later McQueen, mourning the recent death of his mother, did likewise.
Location:
76-78 Clerkenwell Road, EC1M 5QA (orange, purple)
See
Also: CLOTHES DESIGN ASSOCIATED Fashion Journalism, Isabella Blow
Website:
www.alexandermcqueen.com
Jean Muir
In 2007
it was announced that the Jean Muir business was being closed.
Location:
22 Bruton Street, W1J 6QE. Muir s
workspace. (red, blue)
Thea Porter
Thea
Porter (1927-2000) grew up in Syria and The Lebanon. She worked as an upholsterer. From that trade she migrated into being a
clothes designer. Her output was
informed by her knowledge of the materials and patterns that she chose to
use. Those who were fashionably-inclined
to Eastern elements took to her work.
She opened a shop on Greek Street in 1966. Her garments were informed by appreciation of
French fans, Indian handprints, Islamic embroidery, Ottoman velvets, and Swiss
chiffons. She knew the difference
between a kaftan, an abaya, a dashiki, and a djellaba. While her garments were covering, they were
also flattering.
Porter s
work featured on the cover of Pink Floyd's The Piper At The Gates of Dawn
(1967) album. The Beatles fitted out the
Apple store with Porter designs.
In 1972
the Clothing Institute named Porter as its Designer of the Year.
Those
who wore Porter's clothes included: Ann Barr (1929-2015), Joan Collins, Faye
Dunaway, and Barbara Streisand. She was
Elizabeth Taylor's favourite designer.
In 1975 the movie star wore a Gina Fratini-designed kaftan-inspired
dress for her second wedding to Richard Burton.
The kaftan became an aspirational middle-class garment.
Location:
8 Greek Street, W1D 4DG (purple, yellow)
Zandra Rhodes
In 1964
Zandra Rhodes left the Royal College of Art.
She took a part-time teaching job at Ravensbourne College. She went into partnership with Sylvia Ayton
and together they opened the Fulham Road Clothes Shop. In 1968 Ayton was offered a job and Rhodes
went solo. In 1969 she showed her first
solo collection. The year she opened a
shop on the Fulham Road.
In 1972
Rhodes opened a shop off Bond Street.
She designed clothes for the band Queen.
In 1980, following a trip to China, Rhodes started dyeing her hair
pink. She closed the shop in 1992.
Location:
14a Grafton Street, W1S 4ES (blue, yellow)
See
Also: CLOTHES DESIGN ASSOCIATED The Fashion & Textile Museum
Website:
https://zandrarhodes.com
Paul Smith
An
accident ended Paul Smith's hopes of becoming a professional cyclist. He found a job in Nottingham's rag
trade. In 1968 he met Pauline Dyer, a
Royal College of Art fashion graduate, in his local pub. She became his girlfriend. Two years later a friend of Smith, Douglas
Hill, allowed him to use the 12ft. sq. back room of his tailoring shop in Nottingham
as a retail outlet. For the first three
months, Smith paid no rent and thereafter 50p. a week. It was only worth his while to open the space
on Fridays and Saturdays. In 1974 he
opened his first shop. Two years later
he had enough trade to be able to open the shop six days a week. The following year he moved to a London,
living in a bed-sit. He was assiduous in
ensuring that the clothes that he designed were well-manufactured; this was
something that some of his contemporaries did not take as much trouble
over. He started selling his creations
to American and Japanese wholesalers. In
1979 Smith opened his first London shop at No. 44 Floral Street. He had been to clubs in Covent Garden. The district reminded him of New York City s
Soho district. He opened a shop there in
1979. The building had been rebuilt in
1958, therefore, it had a concrete interior, which to his eye gave it a Le
Corbusierian overtone. The four-storey
property had no staircase. Initially he
rented but was able to buy the freehold from a baker for 25,000. Three years later he purchased the building
next door.
In the
June 2000 Birthday Honours List Smith received a knighthood. He and Ms Dyer married one another on the day
that he was daubed.
In 2010
Paul Smith Junior was launched.
Location:
44 Floral Street, WC2E 9DG (blue, turquoise)
Website:
www.paulsmith.com
Vivienne Westwood
Vivienne
Westwood (n e Swire) (1941-2022) studied at Harrow School of Art. During her marriage to a Mr Westwood, she
started making jewellery that she sold in Portobello Market. In 1965, while she was working as a primary
school teacher, she met, through her brother, Malcolm McLaren, an art
student. She and McLaren became involved
with one another and had a child together.
She began to develop a look for herself.
In 1971 the couple opened Let It Rock, a clothes shop at the
unfashionable end of Chelsea's Kings Road.
The clothes that they sold were styled in reaction to the Ozzie
Clark-inspired hippy chic. In 1972 the
shop became Too Fast To Live Too Young To Die, in 1974 SEX, and in 1976
Seditionaries. According to one former
Seditionaries customer, BOY used to copy Westwood designs in cheaper
fabrics. He claimed that the designer
remarked that she was tempted to set her shop on fire because then BOY would do
the same. Seditionaries was a large
factor in enabling McLaren to create the punk band the Sex Pistols.
In 1978
Westwood founded the clothes label Vivienne Westwood. In 1981 her Pirates catwalk show
helped to inspire the New Romantics pop music movement. The look assisted the process by which she
arrived at fashion-page respectability.
In the
early 1980s McLaren left Westwood parted.
In 1989 John Fairchild, the editor of Women's Wear Daily,
proclaimed her to be one of the six most important designers of the 20thC. In 2004 it was reported that she was going to
be the first British designer to be accorded a retrospective at the Victoria
& Albert Museum.
Location:
44 Conduit Street, W1S 2YJ (purple, blue)
The
Vivienne Westwood Gold Label Shop, 6 Davies Street, W1K 3DW (orange, brown)
See
Also: POP & ROCK Punk, Sex Pistols
Website:
www.viviennewestwood.com
Matthew Williamson
Website:
https://matthewwilliamson.com
David
Backhouse 2024